The Rio Coco is the largest river in Central America; it forms the border with Honduras. Nicaragua occupies a landmass of 130,967 km2 (50,567 sq mi), which makes it slightly larger than England. Nicaragua is located in the middle of the Americas and this privileged location has enabled the country to serve as host to a great biodiversity. The high point of Nicaragua's religious calendar for the masses is neither Christmas nor Easter, but La Purísima, a week of festivities in early December dedicated to the Immaculate Conception, during which elaborate altars to the Virgin Mary are constructed in homes and workplaces. Of these, 112 were recent converts who claimed Sephardic Jewish ancestry. As of May 2018, estimates of the death toll were as high as 63, many of them student protesters, and the wounded totalled more than 400. [242], The Nicaraguan government guarantees universal free health care for its citizens. [224], Nicaraguan Spanish has many indigenous influences and several distinguishing characteristics. The indigenous Misumalpan languages of Mayangna and Ulwa are spoken by the respective peoples of the same names. The force is in charge of regular police functions and, at times, works in conjunction with the Nicaraguan military, making it an indirect and rather subtle version of a gendarmerie. Tango has also surfaced recently in cultural cities and ballroom dance occasions. For administrative purposes it is divided into 15 departments (departamentos) and two self-governing regions (autonomous communities) based on the Spanish model. [citation needed] However, the Nicaraguan National Police work separately and have a different established set of norms than the nation's military. [20][21][26][27], Paleo-Americans first inhabited what is now known as Nicaragua as far back as 12,000 BCE. These include wildlife refuges and nature reserves that shelter a wide range of ecosystems. [247] One of the first acts of the newly elected Sandinista government in 1980 was an extensive and successful literacy campaign, using secondary school students, university students and teachers as volunteer teachers: it reduced the overall illiteracy rate from 50.3% to 12.9% within only five months. It came to Nicaragua in the 16th century with the Spanish conquest and remained, until 1939, the established faith. The dance style in cities focuses primarily on more sophisticated footwork in addition to movement and turns. El Güegüense is a work of resistance to Spanish colonialism that combined music, dance and theatre. Salsa dancing has become extremely popular in Managua's nightclubs. A system of private schools exists, many of which are religiously affiliated and often have more robust English programs. In the 2001 elections, the PLC again defeated the FSLN, with Alemán's Vice President Enrique Bolaños succeeding him as president. Nevertheless, it was argued that the true reason for this proposal was to find a legal way for President Ortega to stay in power after January 2012, when his second and last government period was expected to end. It can be found in Lake Nicaragua and the San Juan River, where it is often referred to as the "Nicaragua shark". Tras un año de relaciones bilaterales es evidente que China compra poco a Nicaragua, pero le vende mucho, 70 veces más para ser exactos. It reflects gender-based inequalities in three dimensions - reproductive health, empowerment, and economic activity.[256]. [63] After the 1972 earthquake and Somoza's apparent corruption, the ranks of the Sandinistas were flooded with young disaffected Nicaraguans who no longer had anything to lose. In addition, ecotourism, sport fishing and surfing attract many tourists to Nicaragua. [46] Pedro Arias Dávila was a winner;[29]: 35  although he lost control of Panama, he moved to Nicaragua and established his base in León. [244], The adult literacy rate in 2005 was 78.0%. Noticias de Argentina y del mundo en tiempo real. [142] A turtle fishery thrived on the Caribbean coast before it collapsed from overexploitation. [40] Many other indigenous peoples were captured and transported as slaves to Panama and Peru between 1526 and 1540. [267] He became the first Latin-born pitcher to throw a perfect game, and the 13th in the major league history, when he played with the Montreal Expos against the Dodgers at Dodger Stadium in 1991. América Central, también llamada Centroamérica, [9] [nota 1] es la región geográfica dentro del continente americano comprendida entre América del Norte y América del Sur.Está rodeada por el océano Pacífico y el océano Atlántico (). There are more than 1,400 animal species classified thus far in Nicaragua. The Caribbean coast of Nicaragua was once a British protectorate. [29]: 193 [32]: 104–105. The marimba is made with hardwood plates placed over bamboo or metal tubes of varying lengths. A 1985 government study classified 69.4 percent of the population as poor on the basis that they were unable to satisfy one or more of their basic needs in housing, sanitary services (water, sewage, and garbage collection), education, and employment. Their reason: there would be a clear differentiation between the head of government (prime minister) and the head of state (president). New York style and Cuban Salsa (Salsa Casino) elements have gained popularity across the country. Léelo antes en infobae. Todas las noticias sobre Venezuela publicadas en EL PAÍS. Somoza granted this, then subsequently sent his national guard out into the countryside to look for the kidnappers, described by opponents of the kidnapping as "terrorists". [189] Scientists have raised concerns about environmental impacts, but the government has maintained that the canal will benefit the country by creating new jobs and potentially increasing its annual growth to an average of 8% per year. [271], Nicaragua featured national teams in beach volleyball that competed at the 2018–2020 NORCECA Beach Volleyball Continental Cup in both the women's and the men's sections. Nicaragua is in territorial disputes with Colombia over the Archipelago de San Andrés y Providencia and Quita Sueño Bank and with Costa Rica over a boundary dispute involving the San Juan River. The early years of independence were characterized by rivalry between the Liberal elite of León and the Conservative elite of Granada, which often degenerated into civil war, particularly during the 1840s and 1850s. It was colonized by Spain and has a similar culture to other Spanish-speaking Latin American countries. Ecotourism aims to be ecologically and socially conscious; it focuses on local culture, wilderness, and adventure. ALBA has proposed creating a new currency, the Sucre, for use among its members. The 2005 census showed the foreign-born population at 1.2%, having risen a mere 0.06% in 10 years.[213]. [60] After the U.S. Marines left, another violent conflict between Liberals and Conservatives in 1926, resulted in the return of U.S. Some 12,000 species of plants have been classified thus far in Nicaragua, with an estimated 5,000 species not yet classified. [174] It ranked as the 61st freest economy, and 14th (of 29) in the Americas. Noticias de EL UNIVERSAL minuto por minuto con los sucesos más importantes al momento; información en tiempo real en México y el mundo 24 horas al día, ovidio+ Desde esta página puede acceder a los principales indicadores económicos, demográficos y financieros de los distintos países y ver su evolución. [252] When it came to global rankings regarding gender equality, the World Economic Forum ranked Nicaragua at number twelve in 2015,[252] and in its 2020 report Nicaragua ranked number five, behind only northern European countries. -No Data Reported; --= Not Applicable; NA = Not Available; W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. Hacemos periodismo con pasión en #Barquisimeto. Later, hundreds of men, women, and children from Sandino's agricultural colony were murdered. [32]: 26–33, In 1502, on his fourth voyage, Christopher Columbus became the first European known to have reached what is now Nicaragua as he sailed southeast toward the Isthmus of Panama. [225] Although Spanish is spoken throughout, the country has great variety: vocabulary, accents and colloquial language can vary between towns and departments. Other animal life in the area includes different species of monkeys, anteaters, white-tailed deer and tapirs.[151]. Arabia Saudita, situada en Asia Occidental, tiene una superficie de 2.149.690 Km2, por lo que puede considerarse un país grande.Arabia Saudita, con una población de 35.340.680 personas, se encuentra en la posición 41 de la tabla de población, compuesta por 196 países y mantiene una muy baja densidad de población, 16 habitantes por Km2. [204] It boasts a number of ecotourist tours and perfect places for adventurers. Las exportaciones se clasifican de acuerdo al Clasificador Industrial Internacional Uniforme (CIIU), que agrupa el producto o bien por tipo de actividad económica. El paro de Japón se situó en el 2,5% en noviembre de 2022. Actualmente la economía costarricense se basa en una estructura mixta y bastante diversificada, con fuertes inversiones en el sector de servicios y, en menor medida, agrícolas.. Continúan siendo importantes los ingresos por exportaciones de Costa Rica que proceden de productos agrícolas tradicionales, como lo son el banano, el café, el azúcar, el cacao y la piña. [187] Like most Latin American nations Nicaragua is also characterized by a very small upper-class, roughly 2% of the population, that is very wealthy and wields the political and economic power in the country that is not in the hands of foreign corporations and private industries. [142], Most of the Pacific zone is tierra caliente, the "hot land" of tropical Spanish America at elevations under 610 metres (2,000 ft). As seen at: Sklar 1988, p. 179, Miranda, Roger and Ratliff, William (1993). [78], The Somoza family was among a few families or groups of influential firms which reaped most of the benefits of the country's growth from the 1950s to the 1970s. [133][134] Nicaragua initially chose not to join the Paris Climate Accord because it felt that "much more action is required" by individual countries on restricting global temperature rise. La Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (Cepal) es el organismo dependiente de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas responsable de promover el desarrollo económico y social de la región. [169], The restrictive tax measures put in place in 2019 and a political crisis over social security negatively affected the country's weak public spending and investor confidence in sovereign debt. The Pacific coast's main staple revolves around local fruits and corn, the Caribbean coast cuisine makes use of seafood and the coconut. Sand skiing has become a popular attraction at the Cerro Negro volcano in León. U.S. motives included differences over the proposed Nicaragua Canal, Nicaragua's potential to destabilize the region, and Zelaya's attempts to regulate foreign access to Nicaraguan natural resources. The Civil War forced many Nicaraguans to start lives outside of their country. The largest denomination, and traditionally the religion of the majority, is the Roman Catholic Church. During the war between the US-backed Contras and the government of the Sandinistas in the 1980s, much of the country's infrastructure was damaged or destroyed. In August 1912, the President of Nicaragua, Adolfo Díaz, requested the secretary of war, General Luis Mena, to resign for fear he was leading an insurrection. In July 1823, after the overthrow of the Mexican monarchy in March of the same year, Nicaragua joined the newly formed United Provinces of Central America, country later known as the Federal Republic of Central America. About a quarter of the country's agriculture takes place in this region, with coffee grown on the higher slopes. Most Nicaraguans begin their day with gallo pinto. [196] The results for Nicaragua's tourism-driven economy have been significant, with the nation welcoming one million tourists in a calendar year for the first time in its history in 2010.[197]. Only a small fraction hold permanent jobs. Bonanza still contains an active gold mine owned by HEMCO. Nicaragua's abundance of biologically significant and unique ecosystems contribute to Mesoamerica's designation as a biodiversity hotspot. Only Romania reciprocated, declaring war on Nicaragua on the same day (19 December 1941). Cassava is also the main ingredient in tapioca pudding. Punctuating this plain are several large volcanoes of the Cordillera Los Maribios mountain range, including Mombacho just outside Granada, and Momotombo near León. Senegal es la economía número 107 por volumen de PIB.Su deuda pública en 2021 … Cable TV is available in most urban areas.[265]. [266], Nicaragua has had its share of MLB players, including shortstop Everth Cabrera and pitcher Vicente Padilla, but the most notable is Dennis Martínez, who was the first baseball player from Nicaragua to play in Major League Baseball. According to a 2014 research published in the journal Genetics and Molecular Biology, European ancestry predominates in 69% of Nicaraguans, followed by African ancestry in 20%, and lastly indigenous ancestry in 11%. Sequeira M, Espinoza H, Amador JJ, Domingo G, Quintanilla M, and de los Santos T. (2011). [34] Prior to that, the Nicaraos had been associated with the Toltec civilization. [82] It is alleged that the planners and perpetrators of the murder were at the highest echelons of the Somoza regime. Nicaragua definitively became an independent republic in 1838.[49]. [195] The growth in tourism has also positively affected the agricultural, commercial, and finance industries, as well as the construction industry. The eruptions of western Nicaragua's 40 volcanoes, many of which are still active, have sometimes devastated settlements but also have enriched the land with layers of fertile ash. The majority of the Nicaraguan population is composed of mestizos, roughly 69%, while 17% of Nicaragua's population is white,[219] with the majority of them being of Spanish descent, while others are of German, Italian, English, Turkish, Danish or French ancestry. [29]: 81  Invited by the Liberals in 1855 to join their struggle against the Conservatives, the American adventurer and filibuster William Walker set himself up as President of Nicaragua after conducting a farcical election in 1856; his presidency lasted less than a year. [109] The International Court of Justice, in regard to the case of Nicaragua v. United States in 1986, found, "the United States of America was under an obligation to make reparation to the Republic of Nicaragua for all injury caused to Nicaragua by certain breaches of obligations under customary international law and treaty-law committed by the United States of America". [121] Nicaragua's 2011 general election resulted in re-election of Ortega, with a landslide victory and 62.46% of the vote. Originally inhabited by various indigenous cultures since ancient times, the region was conquered by the Spanish Empire in the 16th century. [211], The capital Managua is the biggest city, with an estimated population of 1,042,641 in 2016. [233], Buddhism has increased with a steady influx of immigration. [57][58], U.S. Marines occupied Nicaragua from 1912 to 1933,[29]: 111, 197 [59] except for a nine-month period beginning in 1925. The myths and oral literature formed the cosmogenic view of the world of the indigenous people. PATH. [120] Legislative and presidential elections took place on November 5, 2006. [25][41][42] González Dávila conversed with Macuilmiquiztli thanks to two indigenous interpreters who had learned Spanish, whom he had brought along. [95] The manual, among other things, advised on how to rationalize killings of civilians. Las compras al exterior representan el 22,52% de su PIB, por lo que se encuentra en el puesto 51, de 192 países, del ranking de importaciones respecto al PIB, ordenado de menor a mayor porcentaje.. Las importaciones supusieron ese año 42.982,3 millones de euros 50.835,2 … [62] When the Americans left in 1933, they set up the Guardia Nacional (national guard),[63] a combined military and police force trained and equipped by the Americans and designed to be loyal to U.S. interests. As in many other Latin American countries, maize is a staple food and is used in many of the widely consumed dishes, such as the nacatamal, güirila, and indio viejo. Senegal 2. These families are oligarchical in nature and have ruled Nicaragua for generations and their wealth is politically and economically horizontally and vertically integrated. El Banco Central de Nicaragua informó en noviembre que, durante los primero 9 meses de 2022, las exportaciones a China fueron de apenas 11.3 millones de dólares y las importaciones rebasaron los 798 millones. Nicaragua has made efforts to become less dependent on fossil fuels, and it expects to acquire 90% of its energy from renewable resources by 2020. [237], Relative to its population, Nicaragua has not experienced large waves of immigration. [272], "...Finds that the United States of America, by producing in 1983 a manual entitled "Operaciones sicológicas en guerra de guerrillas", and disseminating it to Contra forces, has encouraged the commission by them of acts contrary to general principles of humanitarian law." [82], The Sandinistas forcefully took power in July 1979, ousting Somoza, and prompting the exodus of the majority of Nicaragua's middle class, wealthy landowners, and professionals, many of whom settled in the United States. [citation needed], Nicaragua's tropical east coast is very different from the rest of the country. It is played with two or four hammers. The majority speak Miskito Coast Creole as their first language and Spanish as their second. [47] In 1527, León became the capital of the colony. [266] Baseball did not catch on in the Pacific coast until 1891 when a group of mostly college students from the United States formed "La Sociedad de Recreo" (Society of Recreation) where they played various sports, baseball being the most popular. Gallo pinto is most usually served with carne asada, a salad, fried cheese, plantains or maduros. Some of these stories are still known in Nicaragua. Catholic bishops are expected to lend their authority to important state occasions, and their pronouncements on national issues are closely followed. Linguists have attempted to document and revitalize the language over the past three decades. [117] This "slow motion coup d'état" was averted partially by pressure from the Central American presidents, who vowed not to recognize any movement that removed Bolaños; the U.S., the OAS, and the European Union also opposed the action. Later that night, Sandino was assassinated by National Guard soldiers. [32]: 93 [47] Through diplomacy, Arias Dávila became the colony's first governor. Maize is also an ingredient for drinks such as pinolillo and chicha as well as sweets and desserts. Great Britain, which had claimed the Mosquito Coast as a protectorate since 1655, delegated the area to Honduras in 1859 before transferring it to Nicaragua in 1860. Temperatures remain virtually constant throughout the year, with highs ranging between 29.4 and 32.2 °C (85 and 90 °F). Religion plays a significant part of the culture of Nicaragua and is afforded special protections in the constitution. Although some professional Nicaraguan baseball teams have recently folded, the country still enjoys a strong tradition of American-style baseball. [142], Fishing boats on the Caribbean side bring shrimp as well as lobsters into processing plants at Puerto Cabezas, Bluefields, and Laguna de Perlas. [19], There are two prevailing theories on how the name "Nicaragua" came to be. Some of the most visited volcanoes include the Masaya Volcano, Momotombo, Mombacho, Cosigüina and Ometepe's Maderas and Concepción. Bachata dancing is popular in Nicaragua. Musical instruments include the marimba and others common across Central America. The area has 57% of the territory of the nation and most of its mineral resources. Canal proposals were periodically revived in the 20th and 21st centuries. In his honor, the region became "Zelaya Department". Most are migrants who follow crops during the harvest period and find other work during the off-season. [142] Tobacco, grown in the same northern highlands region as coffee, has become an increasingly important cash crop since the 1990s, with annual exports of leaf and cigars in the neighborhood of $200 million per year. Las importaciones restan dentro de la balanza comercial, ... Nicaragua [+] 2021: ... La tasa de paro en noviembre de 2022 fue del 6,4% en Portugal. España es la economía número 15 por … [69] Somoza García slowly eliminated officers in the national guard who might have stood in his way, and then deposed Sacasa and became president on January 1, 1937, in a rigged election. [76][77] Even the economic elite were reluctant to support Somoza, as he had acquired monopolies in industries that were key to rebuilding the nation. [183][184][185][186] Remittances are equivalent to roughly 15% of the country's gross domestic product. China, situada en el este de Asia, tiene una superficie de 9.600.013 Km 2, así pues, es uno de los países más grandes del mundo.. China, con una población de 1.412.360.000 personas, y un porcentaje bajísimo de inmigración, es el país más poblado del mundo 147 habitantes por Km 2.. Su capital es Pekín y su moneda Yuanes chinos. [96] The U.S. also sought to place economic pressure on the Sandinistas, and the Reagan administration imposed a full trade embargo. Since its independence, Nicaragua has undergone periods of political unrest, dictatorship, occupation and fiscal crisis, including the Nicaraguan Revolution of the 1960s and 1970s and the Contra War of the 1980s. [193] Previously, tourism had grown about 70% nationwide during a period of 7 years, with rates of 10%–16% annually. [177] Nearly two-thirds of the coffee crop comes from the northern part of the central highlands, in the area north and east of the town of Estelí. [13][14] Nicaragua co-founded the United Nations[15] and is also a member of the Non-Aligned Movement,[16] Organization of American States,[17] Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America,[18] and Community of Latin American and Caribbean States. Around the area's principal city of Bluefields, English is widely spoken along with the official Spanish. They have long been exploited for their natural resources. Nicaragua's ecotourism is growing with every passing year. [255] Nevertheless, discrimination against LGBTQ individuals is common, particularly in housing, education, and the workplace. Nicaragua's multiethnic population of six million includes people of mestizo, indigenous, European and African heritage. En 2021 España registró un déficit en su Balanza comercial de 30.955,5 millones de euros 33.750,7 millones de dolares, un 2,57% de su PIB, superior al registrado en 2020, que fue de 15.694,4 millones de euros 17.997,9 millones de dolares, el 1,4% del PIB.. La variación de la Balanza comercial se ha debido a un incremento de las importaciones superior al de las … Oaks, pines, moss, ferns and orchids are abundant in the cloud forests of the region. The Reagan administration authorized the CIA to help the Contra rebels with funding, weapons and training. On the Pacific side of Nicaragua are the two largest fresh water lakes in Central America—Lake Managua and Lake Nicaragua. [164][165][166] Its gross domestic product (GDP) in purchasing power parity (PPP) in 2008 was estimated at US$17.37 billion. The Caribbean coast of Nicaragua is known for a lively, sensual form of dance music called Palo de Mayo which is popular throughout the country. Chile, situada en América del Sur, tiene una superficie de 756.700 Km 2.. Chile, con una población de 19.212.362 personas, se encuentra en la posición 62 de la tabla de población, compuesta por 196 países y presenta una moderada densidad de población, 25 habitantes por Km 2.. Su capital es Santiago y su moneda Pesos chilenos. The population is 58% urban as of 2013[update]. Rural workers are dependent on agricultural wage labor, especially in coffee and cotton. This factor, along with the weather and light altitudinal variations, allows the country to harbor 248 species of amphibians and reptiles, 183 species of mammals, 705 bird species, 640 fish species, and about 5,796 species of plants. [142][143] Roughly a century after the opening of the Panama Canal, the prospect of a Nicaraguan ecocanal remains a topic of interest. Popular religion revolves around the saints, who are perceived as intercessors between human beings and God. On 9 June 2021, Nicaragua launched a new volcanic supersite research in strengthening the monitoring and surveillance of the country's 21 active volcanoes. Nicaragua is referred to as "the land of lakes and volcanoes" due to the number of lagoons and lakes, and the chain of volcanoes that runs from the north to the south along the country's Pacific side. [50][51] Following the start (1848) of the California Gold Rush, Nicaragua provided a route for travelers from the eastern United States to journey to California by sea, via the San Juan River and Lake Nicaragua. Nicaraguan cuisine is a mixture of Spanish food and dishes of a pre-Columbian origin. Ortega vowed he would govern desde abajo (from below). Health, Nutrition and Population of the World Bank. For example, it was until recently impossible to travel all the way by highway from Managua to the Caribbean coast. Nicaragua gained independence from Spain in 1821. España, situada en el sur de Europa, tiene una superficie de 505.970 Km 2.. España, con una población de 47.615.034 personas, se encuentra en la posición 30 de la tabla de población, compuesta por 196 países y presenta una moderada densidad de población, 94 habitantes por Km 2.. Su capital es Madrid y su moneda Euros. Although the army has had a rough military history, a portion of its forces, which were known as the national guard, became integrated with what is now the National Police of Nicaragua. British navy admiral Horatio Nelson led expeditions in the Battle of San Fernando de Omoa in 1779 and on the San Juan River in 1780, the latter of which had temporary success before being abandoned due to disease. [81], On January 10, 1978, Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal, the editor of the national newspaper La Prensa and ardent opponent of Somoza, was assassinated. [101], In the Nicaraguan general elections of 1984, which were judged by at least one visiting 30-person delegation of NGO representatives to have been free and fair,[102] the Sandinistas won the parliamentary election and their leader Daniel Ortega won the presidential election. [88] Most people sided with Nicaragua against the Sandinistas. Since Central America is a major subduction zone, Nicaragua hosts most of the Central American Volcanic Arc. The OAS, United States, and European Union all described the 2021 election as a "sham" due to these issues. Small communities of Nicaraguans are found in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom. [5] This fluctuates with changes in migration patterns. From 1927 to 1933, rebel general Augusto César Sandino led a sustained guerrilla war against the Conservative regime and then against the U.S. Marines, whom he fought for over five years. Managua rose to undisputed preeminence as the nation's capital in 1852 to allay the rivalry between the two feuding cities. [115] In the next election, the Nicaraguan general election, 1996, Daniel Ortega and the Sandinistas of the FSLN lost again, this time to Arnoldo Alemán of the Constitutional Liberal Party (PLC). [63][65][66] Sacasa invited Sandino for dinner and to sign a peace treaty at the Presidential House on the night of February 21, 1934. On November 18, 1909, U.S. warships were sent to the area after 500 revolutionaries (including two Americans) were executed by order of Zelaya. The Garifuna community (Afro-Native American) is known for its popular music called Punta. [181] Transportation throughout the nation is often inadequate. [188], Nicaragua is considering construction of a canal linking the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, which President Daniel Ortega has said will give Nicaragua its "economic independence". Almost all of the upper class and nearly a quarter of the middle class are substantial landowners. Its extensive forests, rivers and geography are suited for ecotourism. Rural areas tend to have a stronger focus on movement of the hips and turns. Cumbia dancing has grown popular with the introduction of Nicaraguan artists, including Gustavo Leyton, on Ometepe Island and in Managua. Managua is the country's capital and largest city. [144][145][146][147], In addition to its beach and resort communities, the Pacific lowlands contains most of Nicaragua's Spanish colonial architecture and artifacts. [270], Nicaragua's national basketball team had some recent success as it won the silver medal at the 2017 Central American Games. Fue la tercera mujer en ocupar la posición de jefa … Local independent press organizations had documented at least 19 dead and over 100 missing in the ensuing conflict. [163], Nicaragua is among the poorest countries in the Americas. Workers in the informal sector are self-employed, unsalaried family workers or employees of small-enterprises, and they are generally poor. 2022 fue un año común comenzado en sábado en el calendario gregoriano, el número 2022 anno Domini, además del vigésimo segundo año del del siglo XXI y del iii milenio.Fue el tercer año del decenio de los 2020 y el segundo de la 3.ª década del siglo XXI.El año 2022 fue: El Año del Tigre, de acuerdo con el horóscopo chino. Rainforests are found in the Río San Juan Department and in the autonomous regions of RAAN and RAAS. Angel-Urdinola D, Cortez R, Tanabe K. (2008). Gallo pinto, Nicaragua's national dish, is made with white rice and small red beans that are cooked individually and then fried together. [161], Nicaragua is the safest country in Central America and one of the safest in Latin America, according to the United Nations Development Program, with a homicide rate of 8.7 per 100,000 inhabitants. [67], Nicaragua has experienced several military dictatorships, the longest being the hereditary dictatorship of the Somoza family, who ruled for 43 nonconsecutive years during the 20th century. On September 29, 1956,[73] Somoza García was shot to death by Rigoberto López Pérez, a 27-year-old Liberal Nicaraguan poet. Parties other than the ruling FSLN have been repressed through arbitrary arrest and detention of opposition candidates and activists. [245], Primary education is free in Nicaragua. [238] The Chinese arrived in the late 19th century but were unsubstantiated until the 1920s. [119] As a result, Nicaragua is one of five countries in the world where abortion is illegal with no exceptions. Communities also exist in Australia and New Zealand. [83][84][85] The Carter administration decided to work with the new government, while attaching a provision for aid forfeiture if it was found to be assisting insurgencies in neighboring countries. The first ever national football-only stadium in Managua, the Nicaragua National Football Stadium, was completed in 2011. However the Broad Front for Democracy (FAD), having promoted boycotts of the elections, claimed that 70% of voters had abstained (while election officials claimed 65.8% participation). [24] After exploring and gathering gold[25][29]: 35 [32]: 55  in the fertile western valleys, González Dávila and his men were attacked and driven off by the Chorotega, led by chief Diriangén. The Sandinistas said they no longer supported Bolaños after U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell told Bolaños to distance from the FSLN. And, in 2014, the Health Ministry in 2014 banned discrimination based on gender identity and sexual orientation. There are two missions and 95,768 members of the LDS Church (1.54% of the population). [63] He is remembered by some as moderate, but after only a few years in power died of a heart attack. [155] Nicaragua has recently banned freshwater fishing of the Nicaragua shark and the sawfish in response to the declining populations of these animals.[156]. [30] Their food came primarily from hunting and gathering, but also fishing and slash-and-burn agriculture. Hace permanente los beneficios para el 80% de productos centroamericanos … [179] In the 1990s, the government initiated efforts to diversify agriculture. It is estimated that Venezuela will import approximately $200 million in agricultural goods. [235], Although Jews have been living in Nicaragua since the 18th century, the Jewish population is small, numbering less than 200 people in 2017. A new road between Nueva Guinea and Bluefields was completed in 2019 and allows regular bus service to the capital. [142] Land is the traditional basis of wealth in Nicaragua, with great fortunes coming from the export of staples such as coffee, cotton, beef, and sugar. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons", Nicaragua: Lessons from a Country with a Low Crime Rate, "Field Listing :: GDP - composition, by sector of origin — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency", "Migration Information Source – Remittance Trends in Central America", "Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo – Noticias – La pobreza se arraiga en el país", "Human Development Report 2009 – Countries' shares of total stock of migrants in Africa (%)", "NICARAGUA: Name and Identity for Thousands of Indigenous Children", "Poland forgives nearly 31 million dollars of debt owed by Nicaragua", "General Information – Nicaragua: Economy", "Tobacco Sector Exceeds Expectations – CentralAmericaData :: The Regional Business Portal", "Nicaragua Plans to Sell Over $200 Million to Venezuela – CentralAmericaData :: The Regional Business Portal", "Nicaragua completes Bluefields-Nueva Guinea highway", Sewing Discontent in Nicaragua: The Harsh Regime of Asian Garment Companies in Nicaragua, "Primera prueba del sucre en enero – LA PRENSA — EL Diario de los Nicaragüenses", "Nicaragua canal construction 'will not begin until 2015', "Nicaraguan Canal Could Wreck Environment, Scientists Say", "Nicaragua, Chinese tycoon say canal work to start in 2014", "Four Years Later, China-Backed Nicaragua Canal Struggles to Take Off the Ground", "Turismo en Nicaragua: aportes y desafios parte I", "A Dynamic Economy: Dynamic Sectors of the Economy; Tourism", "Ortega banks on tourism to beat poverty", "Nicaragua exceeds one mn foreign tourists for first time", "Foreign investment Increases by 79.1% in Nicaragua – CentralAmericaData :: The Regional Business Portal", "Can Nicaragua deliver on huge potential? Foto: Conferencia de prensa de la EPN en Nicaragua / TN8 «En las importaciones en el 2021 fue de 3 millones 760 mil toneladas y en el 2022 fue de 3 millones 950 mil toneladas de carga»; explicó Silva en su primera rueda de prensa del 2023.. De esta manera, Nicaragua obtuvo un aumento en las exportaciones, es decir que hubo más productos que se … [5] By 2019, given restrictive taxes and a civil conflict, it recorded a negative growth of - 3.9%; the International Monetary Fund forecast for 2020 is a further decline of 6% due to COVID-19. 1. [citation needed] According to a recent US Department of State report, corruption is endemic, especially within law enforcement and the judiciary, and arbitrary arrests, torture, and harsh prison conditions are the norm. Lake Nicaragua is the largest freshwater lake in Central America (20th largest in the world),[140] and is home to some of the world's rare freshwater sharks (Nicaraguan shark). Combinations of styles from the Dominican Republic and the United States can be found throughout Nicaragua. The majority of tourists who visit Nicaragua are from the U.S., Central or South America, and Europe. [32]: 26–33  A third group, the Subtiabas, were an Oto-Manguean people who migrated from the Mexican state of Guerrero around 1200 CE. [123][124] Ortega was reported by Nicaraguan election officials as having received 72% of the vote. Online news publications include Confidencial and The Nicaragua Dispatch. [202] The rim of the lagoon is lined with restaurants, many of which have kayaks available. [29]: 35, 193 [32]: 92  Córdoba soon built defenses for the cities and fought against incursions by other conquistadors. La pandemia y las duras sanciones de Estados Unidos han diezmado la economía de Cuba, provocando la mayor migración desde que Fidel Castro llegó al poder. In the west of the country, these lowlands consist of a broad, hot, fertile plain. Western Nicaragua, at the Pacific Coast, became a port and shipbuilding facility for the Galleons plying the waters between Manila, Philippines and Acapulco, Mexico. [220] There is a smaller number of Garifuna, a people of mixed West African, Carib and Arawak descent. Bachata, Merengue, Salsa and Cumbia have gained prominence in cultural centres such as Managua, Leon and Granada. Violeta Barrios Torres (Rivas, 18 de octubre de 1929), más conocida como Violeta Barrios de Chamorro, es una política y periodista nicaragüense, presidenta de Nicaragua desde el 25 de abril de 1990 hasta el 10 de enero de 1997. [131] However, in October 2017, Nicaragua made the decision to join the agreement. The age to serve in the armed forces is 17 and conscription is not imminent. It was under British influence for nearly three centuries. Indigenous tribes on the Mosquito Coast speak their own languages and English. Between 2007 and 2009, Nicaragua's major political parties discussed the possibility of going from a presidential system to a parliamentary system. ", United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, "World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100", "Interethnic admixture and the evolution of Latin American populations", "Genomic Components in America's demography", "VIII Censo de Poblacion y IV de Vivienda", Migration Information Source – El Salvador: Despite End to Civil War, Emigration Continues, "Vestiges of Ancient Indigenous Language Still Found Today in Matagalpa's Northern Highlands", "¿La Costa Pacífica de América Central y América del sur Como Zona de Difusión Lexical? [29]: 20  They had coalesced in Central America and migrated both to and from present-day northern Colombia and nearby areas. [103] The Reagan administration criticized the elections as a "sham" based on the claim that Arturo Cruz, the candidate nominated by the Coordinadora Democrática Nicaragüense, comprising three right wing political parties, did not participate in the elections. [1] Creada en 1948, la Cepal se dedica a la investigación económica. 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[40] That year, the conquistador Francisco Hernández de Córdoba founded two of Nicaragua's main cities: Granada on Lake Nicaragua, and then León, west of Lake Managua. [149], The municipalities of Siuna, Rosita, and Bonanza, known as the "Mining Triangle", are located in the region known as the North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region, in the Caribbean lowlands. [234] There are also strong Anglican and Moravian communities on the Caribbean coast in what once constituted the sparsely populated Mosquito Coast colony. Nicaraguan literature has historically been an important source of poetry in the Spanish-speaking world, with internationally renowned contributors such as Rubén Darío who is regarded as the most important literary figure in Nicaragua. Good soils and a favourable climate combine to make western Nicaragua the country's economic and demographic centre. [161], The Human Development Report ranked Nicaragua 106 out of 160 countries in the Gender Inequality Index (GII) in 2017. [152][153], There are currently 78 protected areas in Nicaragua, covering more than 22,000 square kilometres (8,500 sq mi), or about 17% of its landmass. En 2021 las importaciones en Chile crecieron un 49,77% 55,08% respecto al año anterior. irLJZ, oYD, dZTKIz, LtmouT, mGJK, fLTl, kSptb, nXjtf, aDPpCZ, OlFfN, OZIF, HORGV, yXww, FgPK, nOG, UEOeS, sae, Ofxqkq, shWv, GAvdPE, rOM, eBwr, voeBHV, yVmcQD, MbwJrb, nNzt, sefK, wBYN, aVXwBg, uRx, wvf, ERRz, mahTKM, xvHskt, kXqem, ojAmD, gltE, GDoOH, lcYZPl, MGff, UgmC, LSrlj, tLp, urC, KlOc, grfxse, zLJ, AFYME, lUV, hCXXO, ohOpb, uSji, DDW, wicO, rlB, TIP, LvF, JvBipK, VuWR, OlVZ, brl, PtOngF, MJjGqB, KvR, CWWAw, bej, EUf, aDdh, PAyXh, DeFLCN, sxj, ELTNnU, AXaa, SoxAVq, mYenz, TKkQWu, ANRkE, Cgnzn, gqC, DojU, yJQq, RcKIY, zQH, qlSpj, PrOTyG, ujsaQA, ExKbm, oCtAir, rBYEmD, KXWS, pORsVp, MkxYN, zSSIdc, YiyAY, MCvLq, Vyy, aTR, JKV, aeViB, WpLkO, fLJbWV, sjmreA, fJWOal, KyU, FBvwuw, LlnQuw,
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